Dutch Phonemes

The tables below list the full set of phonemes supported by Capacity Private Cloud Neural and LLM TTS for Dutch (nl-NL). Each phoneme is shown with its Unicode code point(s), decimal value(s), IPA symbol, X-SAMPA representation, viseme, and an example word. Consonants and vowels are listed separately.

Phonemes can be supplied in SSML using the <phoneme> element (with alphabet="ipa" or alphabet="x-sampa") to override the default pronunciation of a word. For the complete list of Neural TTS voices, see Neural TTS Languages.

These phonemes apply to the following Dutch Neural TTS voice:

  • Ada

Supplementary English phonemes. In addition to the native Dutch inventory, this phoneme set includes a number of English phonemes (marked with * and grouped at the end of each table). These are provided so that English words and loanwords that appear within Dutch text are pronounced correctly.

Consonants

UnicodeDecimalIPAX-SAMPAVisemeExample
U+0070112ppDIS_1pak
U+006298bbDIS_1bak
U+0074116ttDIS_7tak
U+0064100ddDIS_7dak
U+006B107kkDIS_9kap
U+0066102ffDIS_4fel
U+0076118vvDIS_4vel
U+0073115ssDIS_7sein
U+007A122zzDIS_7zijn
U+0078120xxDIS_9toch
U+0068104hhDIS_9hand
U+0283643ʃSDIS_8show
U+006D109mmDIS_1met
U+006E110nnDIS_7net
U+014B331ŋNDIS_9bang
U+006C108llDIS_6land
U+027E638ɾ4DIS_7rand
U+0279633ɹr\DIS_3tor
U+028B651ʋPDIS_4wit
U+006A106jjDIS_10ja
U+0261609ɡgDIS_9goal
U+03C7967χXDIS_9goed
U+0292658ʒZDIS_8ravage
U+0074116ttDIS_7echt
U+0074116ttDIS_7wordt
U+03B8952θTDIS_5ethic *

Vowels

UnicodeDecimalIPAX-SAMPAVisemeExample
U+026A618ɪIDIS_10pit
U+025B603ɛEDIS_11pet
U+0251593ɑADIS_13pat
U+0254596ɔODIS_13pot
U+028F655ʏYDIS_3put
U+0259601ə@DIS_9gemak
U+0069105iiDIS_10vier
U+0079121yyDIS_3vuur
U+0075117uuDIS_3hoed
U+0061 U+02D097 720aːa:DIS_13naam
U+0065 U+02D0101 720eːe:DIS_11beet
U+00F8 U+02D0248 720øː2:DIS_3neus
U+006F U+02D0111 720oːo:DIS_13boot
U+025B U+0069603 105ɛiEiDIS_11fijn
U+0153 U+0079339 121œy9yDIS_9huis
U+028C U+0075652 117ʌuVuDIS_13goud
U+0251 U+0303593 771ɑ̃A~DIS_13france
U+0254 U+0303596 771ɔ̃O~DIS_13mont
U+025B U+0303603 771ɛ̃E~DIS_11pain
U+0079 U+0303121 771ỹy~DIS_13verdun
U+025B U+0259603 601ɛəE@DIS_11hair *
U+00E6230æ{DIS_9class *
U+0153339œ9DIS_12sir *
U+0254 U+02D0596 720ɔːO:DIS_13four *

* Supplementary English phoneme — included so that English words and loanwords embedded in Dutch text render with correct pronunciation.

Viseme values use the standard Capacity viseme set (for lip-sync and avatar animation). X-SAMPA is the ASCII-encoded equivalent of the IPA symbol.

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